Science & Environment

Emissions, Water & Environmental Risk

A small carbon footprint by global standards, but acute local pressures: water scarcity, land degradation, and recurring drought.

Emissions & air quality

CO2 & particulates

CO2 Emissions by Source

Metric tonnes · 2023

CIA World Factbook

Water resources

Withdrawal & renewable supply

Water Withdrawal by Sector

Municipal & industrial in million m³, agricultural in billion m³ · 2022

CIA World Factbook

Environmental issues

Pressures on the land

Water scarcityContaminated waterImproper waste disposal DeforestationLand degradationOvergrazing Soil erosionDesertification

Somalia is party to international environmental agreements on biodiversity, climate change (including the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement), desertification, endangered species, hazardous wastes, the law of the sea, and ozone layer protection — and has signed but not ratified the Nuclear Test Ban.